Monday, September 30, 2019

Five ways to kill a man Essay

In Wilfred Owen’s poem â€Å"Dulce et Decorum Est,† the narrator is Owen himself. The story tells the tale of one particular day when he has to watch one of his fellow soldiers gruesomely suffocate to death from inhalation of chlorine gas. Owen paints the soldiers as not necessarily heroic, but rather more desperate and terrified, â€Å"like old beggars under sacks,† (Owen line 1), also â€Å"coughing like hags† (Owen line 2). I feel that Owen portrays his fellow soldiers this way to try and illustrate the point that these people are terribly afraid of death and are faced with it every day they live. They also aren’t this indestructible super human killing machine, but rather a group of terrified 20 year olds who just want to go home. Owen speaks about the need to press on regardless of how bad it gets: â€Å"But limped on, blood-shod. All went lame; all blind,† (Owen line 6). This illustrates how bad the circumstances are for the soldiers fi ghting, and goes against the idealistic image of what a battle should look like or how a soldier should appear after a battle. The way Owen tells this story shows that his view of the war was that the soldiers have no comprehension of a righteous cause or a meaning behind their sacrifice. Specifically, the rhyming, tone, and imagery will all help to demonstrate that point. Owen uses the rhyming in the poem to help reflect his own personal beliefs about war onto the reader. The rhymes that Owen chooses are particularly useful for finding out what his message to the reader here is. He uses rhymes such as â€Å"sludge – trudge† (Owen lines 2 and 4), â€Å"blind – behind† (Owen lines 6 and 8), â€Å"fumbling – stumbling† (Owen lines 9 and 11), and perhaps the rhyme that is most telling to Owen’s underwriting theme is when he rhymes â€Å"drowning – drowning† (Owen lines 14 and 16). This last rhyme using the anaphora is chosen solely for the purpose of drawing the reader’s attention to the word and further emphasizing the vividness of which Owen witnessed a friend of his suffocate in front of him, and then they had to carry his corpse with them along their travels. The repetition of the word makes it more important and draws more attention to it. The rhyme scheme is regular a,b,a,b,c,d,c, d,e,f,e,f and the lines are end-stopped. Furthermore, the sounds themselves of the rhymes are cacophonous in nature and are helpful for showing the reader Owen’s emotional mindset at the time  this is all happening. The short vowel sounds in the rhymes of sludge – trudge (Owen lines 2 and 4), fumbling – stumbling (Owen lines 9 and 11), and blood – cud (Owen lines 21 and 23) are meant to help portray a somber mood void of any heroic undertones. This is again done for the purpose of helping to show these soldiers as lost, terrified young men struggling to survive, and not fighting for glory or love of one’s nation. The shortness of the rhymes of sludge and trudge gives the reader an idea of the hurried pace at which the soldiers are walking and talking. According to Daniel Moran, † -â€Å"trudges† along in the reader’s ear as the men â€Å"trudge† toward their unattainable relief. (Also note the rhyming of â€Å"trudge† with â€Å"sludge†, which con nects the action of trudging with the terrain.)† (Moran). Moran here makes the case that Owen is attempting to tie the setting into the action and connect the two, thus aiding the mental picture the reader has of the scene at hand. The tone can also be analyzed to sense the author’s negative outlook on war. Focusing on the two line stanza in the middle of the poem where Owen describes the death of his maskless comrade in the gas attack is a prime example. â€Å"In all my dreams, before my helpless sight. He plunges at me, guttering, choking, drowning.† (Owen lines 15 and 16). According to John Hughes, a writer for The Explicator, â€Å"This recurrent nightmare is the climax of the poem’s tendency, in its first half, toward an unfolding of the poet’s interiority, his personal responses, amid the texture of events it describes. So, from the opening line, the impersonal world of high literary culture, patriotism, and upstanding soldierly endeavor conjured in the title (and to a degree in the early dedication) yields with a jolt to the antithetical world notated with such feeling in the first stanza.† (Hughes). Basically Hughes is stating that in his opinion the entire poem is tak ing place inside Owen’s nightmares while he sleeps at night after the war is over. And in line 15 and 16 Owen is stating how he is forever tormented by the mental image of his fellow soldier and friend in combat being killed in front of his eyes. This work also can be said to contain a great deal of imagery for the reader to delve into. Each one providing a horrible, gruesome firsthand look into  what it would have been like to see the battle of World War 1 from the front lines. In lines 4-6, Owen writes â€Å"And towards our distant rest began to trudge. Men marched asleep. Many had lost their boots But limped on, blood-shod. All went lame; all blind;† (Owen lines 4-6). These lines early on in the poem give the reader a sense of what the terrain is like and what the men are experiencing just to stay alive. The soldiers are not being portrayed as conquering heroes riding across the countryside, defeating all you stand in their path, as such was the popular way to write war poetry at the time Dulce et Decorum Est was written. According to Kimberly Lutz writing for Poetry for Students, â€Å"This sensibility of the cost of war to both the dead and surviving soldier stands in stark contrast to the types of poetry with which Owen’s readers would have been familiar. Take for instance, â€Å"The Charge of the Light Brigade,† a famous poem by the Victorian era’s most famous poet (and poet laureate) Alfred, Lord Tennyson. Written in 1854 in response to a newspaper account of a military mistake that sent hundreds of men to die battling the Russians in the Crimean War, the poem acknowledges the awful cost of war. However, the reader learns only that â€Å"horse and hero fell.† The bloodshed, the smells, the confusion that go along with battle are not depicted.† (Lutz). This seems to be yet another reason for Owen feeling the need to portray his side of the story of war ever so vividly. The popular thing at the time was for poets to paint war in a positive light and fail to mention the horrible aspects of it. Owen saw these things firsthand and wasn’t going to remain silent about them. â€Å"Dulce et Decorum Est† is a powerful work by a very young Wilfred Owen. He is speaking from experience and first hand traumas which help add relevancy to the work. The meter was regular for the most part, helping to echo the military uniformity of march and speech. While also irregular at other times of high excitement and scramble, showing that even if you have been conditioned to behave a certain way, your survival instincts take hold once your life depends on it. The work isn’t quite as polished as it could have been, perhaps it could have benefited from some final edits. However, Owen wasn’t just writing this from afar, he was involved in battle, and he believed what he was saying. This can be proven by the fact that Wilfred Owen was killed on the battlefield with 1 week remaining in World War.

Sunday, September 29, 2019

What facts surprised you most in the essay?

Some of the facts that I’ve found surprising to read are as follows:It is devastating to note that fast food has become so ingrained in the American lifestyle that they are spending more money on hamburgers than any other thing.It has become more like a routine and is much embedded into their daily lives that, one quarter of the U. S population ends up consuming fast food for their meals.The fast food industry has not only transformed the diet but subsequently the culture, economy, workforce and the society at large.McDonald’s contributes a major share in the provision of jobs.It is responsible for 90% of the country’s new jobs.It has more retail outlets than any other merchant in the U. S.McDonald's is now the nation's largest purchaser of beef, pork, and potatoes. It is the second-largest purchaser of chicken in the U. S.The golden arches are now more widely recognized than the Christian cross.QUESTION 2 In paragraph 4 what parallels does he draw between the growth of fast food industry and fundamental changes in American society? Answer: The writers make an attempt to highlight the reasons for changes in workforce demographics during the early 70’s and their after effect on the American society.Owing to the decline of wages, starting from the mid 70’s, the American economy experienced profound changes that had a direct impact on the overall economy, society and consequently the typical American household. During this period more and more women had to come out of their homes in order to meet their household expenses. As a result, in order to meet the demands of the fast-paced life, the traditional home cooking gave way to fast food culture. The shift from domestic cooking to fast-food restaurant meals is one of the factors responsible for the rapid growth of fast-food industry.QUESTION 3What does he have to say about standardization, uniformity, conformity at the one hand, and non-conformist entrepreneurs on the other?Answer: The fast food business has a very dominating influence on the American culture, business and economy. Some big names as like McDonald’s have gained tremendous control over the market share and have made and devastating impact on the food processing systems in the United States that has actually created a system of standardization for the rest to follow. The basic systems have become the operating systems of the fast food industry.The concept of uniformity is well taken by many all around the world. The customer’s confidence is based on the premise that they will get the same quality, no matter where they are in the world. The feeling of reassurance from the customer’s side underlies the trust that they have in the company, and this is one the key areas that these companies never compromise on. The concept of conformance is one of the core key success factors that have enabled McDonald’s and other to expand globally with winning returns. It is one the fundamental secret to their success.They have very intelligently blended co nformity with innovation and creativity. The industry is on the verge of constant innovation and comes up with new ideas every now and then. They thrive to conform to the standards set by them and instill the franchise owner to abide by them. The non-conformists have no place to stand if they plan to venture into such conformist driven enterprises. They consider conformance is their basic principle of success, no matter where they operate in the world.QUESTION 4What final facts does he conclude with? How do they lend a dramatic end to his conclusion?Answer: In the end, the writer turns a critical eye and discusses the pros and cons, the positives and negatives that this massively grown industry has brought with it. He makes an attempt to draw a very critical analysis starting from the inception of the fast food industry, how it progressed through the decades and its effects on the American culture, society, and economy. It is indeed very interesting to see that the progress of this industry has defied all odds.It was founded by people who were self-made and had no formal education in business. And yet, they were the ones who took all the risks and came up with innovative ideas all the way. Although this sector holds the crown of being the largest private employer and has been providing lots of jobs, but the wages offered are very low with no benefits attached. The workers move from one job to another with no skill enhancement. Very few are fortunate enough to make to the top. Majority of the workers remain within the low wage category throughout their lives with very bleak chances of progression.Moreover, the working conditions for low waged workers are also not favourable and can be lethal at times. In order to attain maximum profit, the fast food corporations have gained much control over the production side of various food items in the United States. They have taken over the place of the family-run farms. Hence, despite the positive and negative aspects, it is noteworthy to mention that these corporate giants have taken a great degree of control on the American economy and society. They have now become part of the structure and are a major contributor in the industrialization of the American system.

Saturday, September 28, 2019

The Treaty of Versailles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Treaty of Versailles - Essay Example Certainly after President Wilson’s 14 points speech, it was clear though that the U.S. interest went beyond the defense of its marine. Out of the famous ‘Fourteen Point’ 1918 speech from which the President hoped to bring a ‘‘peace without victory’’, eight of the points directly dealt with territorial and political settlements. These points extended to the ideology of self-rule nationalism in various ethnic populations in Europe. The rest focused on prevention of future war. As stated by Roark et al. (p.25-9), when negotiating the Versailles Treaty, Wilson used the Fourteen Points as the foundation that ended the First World War. His role in the conference that led to the Treaty felt like some of his points were adopted while others were not. In what seemed like failed American ratification of the war, League of Nations was created, freedom of the sea, creation of Poland, reduction of armaments, and independence for Turkey and other nations were agreed upon from Wilson’s Fourteen points scheme. However, the political interest with which the President negotiated using his Fourteen Points scheme failed to be adopted fully. Even though the treaty was not fully keen on the U.S. ‘‘unselfish’’ vision, Wilson’s Fourteen Points is still memorial and powerful assertion of the real strain in the American diplomatic

Friday, September 27, 2019

Compare and contrast types of feedback Research Paper

Compare and contrast types of feedback - Research Paper Example The primary aim of providing formative feedback is to update the employees about their work and performance in a timely basis so as to ensure proper completion of the assigned tasks and duties by the employees (Judson & Harrison, 2009). Formative feedback can help an employee to focus on his/her on their weaknesses and further provides platform to work upon this limitations to enhance and improve their performance. This type of feedback can be implemented to all levels of the organisation. On the other hand summative feedback is also widely used in the organizations as a tool for improving the performance of employees. Summative feedback reflects the level of excellence that the employees demonstrative while meeting with the requirements of the organizations. It also helps the employees to understand their level of performance and also helps them in analyzing those areas where they can improve (White, 2009). As per the learning, it is identified that formative feedback offers timely update about the employee’s performances and is generally concern with identifying weaknesses whereas summative feedback primarily emphasise s on the level of excellency demonstrated by employees while they meet with the organizational goals and objectives. Nonetheless, it can be argued that both the types of feedback are delivered for the sole purpose of educating the employees and thereby intending to improve their individual

Thursday, September 26, 2019

Racal Inequalities n the US Justice System Research Paper

Racal Inequalities n the US Justice System - Research Paper Example The current rate of total incarceration in the United States is by a significant degree the highest of any economically-developed Western nation state – around 1% of the adult population is in detention. The prison population of around 2.3 million individuals exceeds the population of some 15 American States, and prompts an Economist lead article to state, justifiably, that ‘No other rich country is nearly as punitive as the Land of the Free’. While the rate at which America incarcerates its citizens has more than quadrupled since 1970, there is little evidence that this approach is having the intended effect on crime rates, which are higher now than in 1970. For young black men, this figure rises to an astonishing 1 in 9 (Economist, 2010). Many of these individuals were given prison sentences or relatively minor drug offences, and so the unnecessary and apparently ineffective harshness of much American legislation has its part to play, as will be detailed below. The proportion of prison inmates from different racial groups demonstrates the blatantly racist bias in the justice system. 38% of those incarcerated in the United States are African-Americans, but the latter make up only 13% of the total population, while 19% of those in prison are Latinos, but the latter account for only 15% of the total population. This has led to the dangerous situation where a black male born in 2001 has a 32% chance of incarceration at some point, a Hispanic male has a 17% chance of being imprisoned, while a while male has only a 6% chance of incarceration (The Sentencing Project, 2008, p.2). Furthermore, while the above figures represent national averages, Human Rights Watch found that in seven States, blacks are incarcerated at more than thirteen times the rate of whites. The United States has found itself in a situation where, in every State, the proportion of blacks in prison is greater than that of whites, and in Minnesota and Iowa it is 12 times greater (Human

Wednesday, September 25, 2019

Casualties of War Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Casualties of War - Essay Example It is the hope of this author that not only the film, but the Vietnam War as well as pervasive American interpretations of the value of native and indigenous people will help to be affected. Ultimately, the movie can be summarized, as with many Vietnam War movies, as concentric upon an analysis of a small squad of American soldiers. This is one of the most popular approaches that filmmakers take due to the fact that it allows the viewer the, acquainted with and personally knowledgeable regarding each of the characters; rather than integrating with an entire company, the viewer is able to simplify human emotions, personalities, and likely reactions based upon the means by which these characters are expected to behave. As with many other Vietnam War movies, â€Å"Casualties of War† represents a mixture of different individuals within the squad from various geographic regions as well as various ethnic and cultural backgrounds. Firstly, the viewer is integrated with an understandi ng of the sheer misery, abstraction, and violence that the Vietnam conflict engendered. As a function of understanding this level of inhumanity, exhibited on both sides of the conflict, it unfortunately comes as little surprise that the soldiers themselves begin behaving as little more than animals. The line of no return is of course cross when one of the soldiers takes a young Vietnam means girl and suggests that the squad user as a sex toy. Even though this is initially resisted, the threat of violence subdues these objections long enough for the girl to be raped. Once she is raped, it becomes infinitely easier for the other members of the squad, with the exception of Erikkson, to engage in a similar behavior. At each and every juncture, Erikkson opposes the actions that the squad leader perpetrates upon the young girl. Ultimately, Erikkson risks his own life in an attempt to save the girl from being murdered by the squad members. Once she is murdered, Erikkson set out on a person al crusade to expose the crime to the superiors within the military. As one might expect, speaking truth to power was neither popular nor safe. After many months and years of trying, Erikkson was able to bring the issue to the military’s attention and seek a nominal degree of punishment for the individuals involved. With regards to understanding the underlying tensions that existed between Meserve and Erikkson, the viewer can and should integrate with the basic understanding of unrestrained selfishness and complete lack of respect for human life that Meserve exhibited as compared to Erikkson’s more traditional view. Rather than exhibiting all Vietnam veterans as baby killers and murderers, this film helps to differentiate the difference between those sociopaths in society that were drafted into the military and sought to further their own selfish ends as compared to individuals that retain a level of humanity and restraint regardless of the pressures and difficulties t hat combat placed upon them. A further dynamic is equally evidenced within the film is the level and extent to which the

Tuesday, September 24, 2019

Executive summary Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Executive summary - Assignment Example The business would follow an incremental business expansion pattern, towards other areas such as Beverly Hills, Santa Monica, Venice, Inglewood, North Hollywood and Glendale, in the initial phase of expansion. Numerous franchise units would also be opened in these areas, as per the demand and sales forecast. To provide gluten-free breads and desserts of the highest quality, that can satisfy the customer’s taste buds at an affordable price. We are committed to respecting our employees, suppliers, vendors and customers alike, following a strict non - discrimination policy with a strong belief and motto to enhance the health and well being of our community as a whole. ‘Glutopia Gluten-free Desserts and Breads’ is an American enterprise, established to serve the gluten and lactose intolerant population of the nation, for customers of all age groups – young and elderly. The company aims to fill the current gap in the market and constantly innovate newer recipes that promise to enhance nutrition and taste at an attractive and affordable price. The company would be headquartered in Los Angeles and cater to three large cities in close proximity with an efficient logistics and supply chain system. The outlets would be situated in prime localities, with a young customer base. The enterprise would obtain all the necessary licenses and strive to meet the health standards of the regulatory bodies. It is widely acknowledged that proper planning and formal structuring of business processes leads to greater success in the service sector (Gottfridsson (2011). Thus, the entire Business Plan must comprehensively address all major departments, activities, processes and protocols, for the smooth functioning of the business. The company’s growth strategy would be to open franchise units in each of these cities in its initial phase of expansion. The target customer sectors would be individuals with health issues or religious concerns and

Monday, September 23, 2019

Global perspectives assessment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Global perspectives assessment - Research Paper Example This means that the US criminal justice system including its law enforcement could go beyond the boundary of the state as the crime itself could be created beyond boundaries, but could still have substantial threats on the part of the nation. At this point, the US could remarkably play the role of a global police, trying to maintain peace and order situation of the whole world just as to ensure stability of peace in its state. This is a significant and probable response to the growing international dimensions of crime. Criminals might be staying out of the US state, but still could inflict potential threats due to the spreading wide coverage of their scope, connections and evolving organizational control. In response to this, the US state should also therefore expand the exposure of its criminal justice system throughout the world. Let us add to the problem when technological influences on global criminality enter the scene. The advancement of technology at the other part of it does not only bring comfort, but trouble at the same time if used at the criminals’ vantage point of view. Concerning this, the US criminal justice system needs to make its effort twice as much, double its time and never delay in order to keep its pace even more than the level of the criminals. Added to the issue is the diversified US culture, leading to the point that the US criminal justice system requires international cooperation so as to ward off probable threats on America’s borders and of other relevant crimes. The heterogeneous culture in the US though it may provide certain advantages, but at the other side of it, the bottom line is that there are other probable problems tied up with it. For example, the diverse culture creates a portal making it easy for bigger syndicates to easily move in and out of the US federal state. They became too familiar with the US culture, but on the other side, the US still needs to learn more about varying culture. This signifies the need to learn more about the existing different cultures on the part of the US, be familiar with them too and use this for its competitive advantage. That is why it requires constant international cooperation to solve existing crimes and even those new cases as upshots of varying changes not only brought by technology and different cultures, but the globalization in general. For this reason, the US is strongly advancing to create an effort to solve crimes and as much as possible hinder possible great impacts they could bring to the entire state. Compare and contrast international criminal justice systems Socialist law traditions are used by the states that are communists and are formerly communists. They employed the Marxist-Leninist ideology (Joerges & Ghaleigh, 2003). Another branch of law is civil law which deals with legal disputes among individuals or organizations and those who win the case may be able to receive compensation (Dunham, 2008). The common law on the other hand is a case-based reasoning law, evaluating the case and then applying what laws might probably apply to it (Holmes, 2005). Embodied in the Islamic law are the religious duties employing Allah’s commands (Standke, 2008). As noticed, these international criminal justice systems have varying foundations and beliefs as their means to ultimately come up with the right and appropriate decisions. While socialist law is

Sunday, September 22, 2019

Hunger in America by Richard Mitchell Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Hunger in America by Richard Mitchell - Essay Example It is not their fault given that they are â€Å"mentally ill† thus advocating critical thinking as the cure for fundamental literalism will not help. It is like asking a physically challenged person to run. 2. Response Bill Barnhart’s son did not have cheerios and grape juice for his last meal. In my understanding, the story of Bill Barnhart is an allegorical one, which is given to show that reading (cheerios and grape juice) for fundamental literalist (hungry people) does not provide a solution to their problem (hunger). The hunger from which Bill Barnhart’s son suffered from is the mindless, non-attentive, non-judicious and non-reflective reading of language. Eating the meal made of cheerios and grape juice was supposed to relieve him his hunger, rather he died after eating. Thus the meal of cheerios and grape juice should be taken as the medicine that fundamental literalists take when they are hungry. It is therefore not true (False) that Bill Barnhart’ s son took cheerios and grape juice for supper.

Saturday, September 21, 2019

America and Vietnam Essay Example for Free

America and Vietnam Essay Olsen and Roberts are both history professors who are fascinated with the ways by which the American government made the situation of the war with Vietnam a fearful yet victorious even for the reputation of the said country. The authors were then able to contribute their thoughts about the situation thus seeing the situation of the past wars a manifestation of the reputation of the American society in the world account of recognized countries of war and reconciliation. Their book â€Å"Where the Domino Fell† actually pictures the actual situations that happened during the American-Vietnamese war during the 1960’s and how the said history particularly affects the relationship of the two countries involved. About the Book [Content and Summary] The overall content of the book is highly recommended for reading and teaching as it gives a clear yet critical approach in assessing the US policy that controlled the Vietnam society from then until the present. Undeniably, the book of Olsen and Roberts is an awakening material that helps the human mind realize the importance of being diplomatic and lawful even when in the middle of distress. Surprisingly, the American society was able to steel a fine reputation out from all the oppression that they have already implicated upon the Vietnamese society during the war years. Through the critical assessment of the situation, the authors intended to give the readers a fine picture not only of what is or what has been obvious but also a glimpse of the truth behind the scenes of historical accounts written in books today. Implications of the Reading As it has been noted earlier, the reading gave a clear depiction of what has happened and why the said events happened during the American-Vietnamese war in the 1960’s. With the insightful informations that the authors posted through their book, they were able to help readers realize what the facts are and how they particularly affect the present relationship that exists between the said countries. Critique of the Writing Approach As for the writing approach of the authors, it is undeniable that the informations that they posted through the reading were carefully assessed thus giving out validated facts that support their explanations of the said historical event. The clarity of the implications of the reading has been strengthened by the documentations that the authors used to show the authenticity of the reading. The utilization of other researches that supported their claims and opinions made the book a must read not only for professors and students, but also for those individuals who endeavor reading books under the typical yet critical approach of understanding history and American politics. Within the context of the book lies a less-traveled path among the historians of the present times. Olsen and Roberts certainly made it clear that history is a human account needed to be understood and learned from through critical observation of the past. Reference: James S. Olson and Randy Roberts. (2006). Where the Domino Fell: America and Vietnam 1945-2006 [ILLUSTRATED]. Blackwell Publishing Limited; 5 edition.

Friday, September 20, 2019

Sin in Nathaniel Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter

Sin in Nathaniel Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter Introduction Born on 4th July, 1804 in Salem, Massachusetts, Nathaniel Hawthorne established himself as one of the greatest American writer. He is best known for his short stories, most of which were written between 1825- 1850, and two of his famous novels which brought to him international fame- The Scarlet Letter (mid-march 1850) and The House of Seven Gables (1851). He seems to be surrounded by history, all his life. His ancestors were the notorious Puritans. He was a part of the circle that included scholars and philosophers like Henry Wadsworth Longfellow and future President Franklin Pierce. His books’ rave reviews were written by Edgar Allen Poe. He was a shy, rarely socializing with people except with his wife Sophia. He thought of himself as too much of a realist. Hawthorne’s work was often set in or around the Puritan New England towns of Salem and Concord highlighting the hypocrisy, sin and corruption. He came from a distinguished Puritan family which had played an active role in the history of Massachusetts. His works threw light on the darker side of human nature, which he preferred to address as ‘romance’ as it showed the ‘depths of human nature’. To him, romance meant confronting the reality and not evading it. He dealt with the idea that human nature is fundamentally flawed. It was Hawthorne’s appreciable talent that he conveyed his pessimistic view on life through a story that attracted readers with its power and truth. Hawthorne worked as the surveyor of customs in the port of Salem from 1846-49. In 1853, President Pierce appointed Hawthorne to a four-year term as US consulate in Liverpool, England. 1857 onwards, Hawthorne resided in Italy and again in England before returning to Concord in 1860. Hawthorne’s last years were unrelieved from gloom and despondency financially, and after four years following his return to America, he died while on an expedition with his friend and mentor, Franklin Pierce, on 19 May, 1864, at Plymouth, New Hampshire. The Scarlet Letter was Hawthorne’s first full-length story if we ignore the earlier failure- Fanshawe (1828). It was his first full-length story, and yet, superior to any full-length story that he later wrote. The Scarlet Letter was a Declaration of American Literary Independence. The Scarlet Letter opens up with a long introduction named â€Å"Custom House†. In this, Hawthorne has written a partial autobiographical sketch covering three years of his life as surveyor in the Salem custom-house (1846-49). Hawthorne begins the custom-house introduction by requesting the reader to bear with his writing skills. He tells us about himself his post because he feels the need to explain how the following pages of the Scarlet Letter came to be written. He only considers himself an editor claims that he has only given the story a few extra touches to give as real a picture of the 17th century Puritan New England society as was possible for him. Salem is Hawthorne’s native town which he confesses that he loves only when he goes away from it. This is the place where his original ancestor William Hawthorne came nearly two a quarter centuries ago. In Salem, William’s descendants have been born have died. Salem has been the focal center of the Hawthorne’s. He then mentions the sea going tradition for over a hundred years in his family. Later, Hawthorne talks about his return to Salem where he was given the job in custom-house. He then gives us a pen sketch of the venerable old officials of the custom-house. Climax of the custom-house introduction talks about its second story which was a large room in which the brick work the beams have never been covered with plasters which was left as it was when the port was shifted from Salem to Boston. In this room, in the midst of other rubbish, Hawthorne found a bundle with a rag of cloth on which the letter A was embroided. With this cloth was a document written by surveyor Pue, his predecessor, which told the history of the scarlet letter and its bearer Hester. When Hawthorne lost his customs post, he determined to write a fictional account of the events recorded in the manuscript. The Scarlet Letter is the outcome. The story begins in seventeenth-century Boston, then a Puritan settlement. A great scholar of advanced age named Roger sends his young wife Hester Prynne to a small village in Boston for buying a house intended to follow her. But he was detained by Red Indians for two years. After the completion of two years of imprisonment when he comes to Boston, he finds that the crowd of Boston was waiting before the gate of the local prison. Soon the gate opened his wife Hester comes out with a child of 3 months in her arms. She was charged with the sin of adultery. The magistrates ordered her to stand at a raised platform in the market place wear the stigma (mark of disgrace) of the scarlet letter ‘A’ (adulterous). The Puritan Boston followed morality strictly for them violation of morality was as good as violation of law. Adultery was punishable with death. The magistrates had taken pity on the young woman allowed her to live but she was to wear the ‘A’ as a mark of social disgrace. She was asked to give the name of sinner but she refused was ready to face the agony all alone. She was sent back to the prison. While standing on the platform in the market place, Hester recognised her husband in the crowd. Her husband visited her in the prison as a physician to cure her her child from pain restlessness. Hester was shocked thought that to seek revenge he will kill the child as well as her. But he told her that he had no such intention. It was his mistake to marry a young beautiful girl in advanced age for that he would forgive her. But he could not forgive the sinner who had wronged both of them. So he wanted her to give him his identity disclose the name of the sinner. But s he told that she could not oblige him. He told Hester that in that case he would find him on his own as he searched truth in books. He told her that he wanted to keep his identity disclosed. Hester swore he assumed a new name Roger Chillingworth. Roger was a great scholar of physics and during his captivity with Red Indians, he studied several herbs which could cure human ailments. Boston needed such a physician and he establishes himself in the town and big or small took him as a boon to the Puritan community of the town. Father Arthur Dimmesdale was a young and popular priest of the town. He was a religious man and considered by the people as a true soul. His sermons were popular and praised by people of the entire area. He always kept his heart protected by a piece of cloth his right hand. In course of time he began to feel the pain his health deteriorated. Chillingworth befriended him started giving him medical treatment. As his condition worsened it was considered proper that the physician Dimmesdale should live together so that Dr. Roger could properly diagnose. In course of observation Roger comes to the conclusion that the ailment was concerned with the spirit of the clergyman so he requested him to allow him to examine his spirit soul. The priest objected told him that human soul was God’s concern; hence he won’t allow a man to stand between his soul God. Dr. Roger gets suspicious one day he enters his room when he was asleep examines his heart. It gave him devilish pleasure for he had seen the secret scarlet letter ‘A’ on his chest found the sinner. He subjects him to mental torture the priest was virtually driven to madness. Hester cannot tolerate the agony of Dimmesdale informs him that his friend was his enemy. She reveals that Roger was her husband. He was only planning Dimmesdale’s ruin for revenge. She asks the priest to escape from that place. By this time, Hester Arthur’s daughter Pearl has grown up as a seven years old child. For the sake of the daughter, Dimmesdale first refused to escape but then agreed to her plan. Roger comes to know about their plan. The health of the priest was causing anxiety to him day-by-day. On the Election Day the town crowd was to be seen in the streets a procession was arranged. Arthur was called upon to give his last sermon to the people. While going to the market place he stops near the same raised platform where seven year ago Hester was humiliated publically. He asked Hester Pearl to help him reach the platform. He impulsively climbs up the scaffold with his lover and his daughter, and confesses publicly, exposing the ‘A’ seared into the flesh of his chest. He falls dead, as Pearl kisses him. Chillingworth dies a year later. Hester and Pearl leave Boston, and no one knows about them. Many years later, Hester returns alone, still wearing the scarlet letter, to live in her old cottage and resume her charitable work. She sometime receives letters from Pearl, who has settled with a European aristocrat. When Hester dies, she is buried next to Arthur. The two share a single tombstone, which bears a scarlet ‘A’. Chapter- II The Psychology of Sin The story of The Scarlet Letter is a display of how the American Puritan society was then. According to that Puritan society Hester has sinned unredeemable sin and thus she was punished and had to wear her badge of shame which will remind her of her guilt. Also the presence of her daughter, the result of this sin will make her realize of her guilt. The puritan society asserts its authority over the individual conscience by forcing Hester to accept her punishment. But who gave this right to the society to judge whether Hester was a sinner or not? Hester herself had developed a sympathetic intuition about sinners in Boston and that she could understand sinfulness in people in whom it was to be the least expected. At the beginning of the story, it is the most frustrated people who are the most outspoken critics of Hester. It shows that a Boston Puritan Society that is not capable of judging Hester because all its members are sinful in one way or the other. Hester was in a position in which she may have offended a social or moral code but so have the others, like Dimmesdale, Chillingworth, Bellingham and other unnamed people. Therefore, if a whole society is corrupt or sinful, the individual whose conscience makes him do his penance is sensitive to morality and he has his own personal morality as against the morality of a whole society. In chapter XIV, when Chillingworth tells Hester that the Puritans are planning to ask her not to wear the scarlet letter any longer, she says that it is not for the community to decide when to abate her punishment which is as mental and psychological as it is social. She may still wear the letter â€Å"A†, but the meaning of the word has now changed from â€Å"Adulteress† to â€Å"Able† or â€Å"Angel†. With her patience, courage, and humility, allied to good deeds, Hester proves that she is as good as anybody else. She has been true to her own self-ordained punishment. She is the one who feels her sin both through the scarlet letter and the child Pearl, but she never tortures herself as Dimmesdale does. Hester may be was afraid of the criticism received from her husband as well as from the society and this implies that somewhere or the other she was accepting herself as a sinner in her mind. But then she has a private morality which is not inferior to the social morality of the Puritans. Puritan society of Boston was a theocracy; it was a religious as well as a political organization. Those individuals who defied or contradict the norms of the society were seen as a threat as they might cause anarchy in the society which itself was trying to adjust itself in a new country in which there was danger from the Red Indians, the Spaniards and from the Nature. The crime that Hester has committed is over before the story in The Scarlet Letter begins. In this sense, The Scarlet Letter thus, deals not with the crime and punishment of the sin but with the effect of a particular sin on a group of people, be it a psychological, social or political effect. Externally the punishment of Hester and Dimmesdale is symbolized by the instrument of society- the prison-house, the pillory, the scaffold, the pulpit, the scarlet letter- but internally, that is, psychologically the punishment is a matter of the individual conscience. Hester suffers internally and in order to accept her punishm ent internally and spiritually she refuses to give up on both Pearl and the scarlet letter. This shows her willingness to correct herself by accepting the trivial punishment given by the society. Dimmesdale also suffers with terrible agony in secrecy. His tormented conscience forces him to devise ways and means to play out his punishment in private. He keeps vigil, fasts and whips himself. His habit of covering his heart with his hand signifies his silent confession of him being a sinner. The question of sin and redemption is not a social but a religious question. The tragedy happened with both the characters is not only a legal punishment sanctioned by their Puritan society, but also a punishment much worse than that as their consciences prick them always. They may be the criminals by the standards of the Boston Puritans, but they basically think of themselves as â€Å"sinners†, that is, alienated from â€Å"God† or â€Å"conscience†. Crime and punishment are, therefore only an external cause and effect; while sin and regeneration are internal convictions, a psychological state. The scarlet letter as well as the Pearl, both are the symbols of her sin and these two helped her rather assisted her in achieving redemption, if not in the eyes of the society then at least in the eyes of God. Hester triumphs over her fate with her goodness and resolve. In this sense, she achieves a spiritual victory over her society. Dimmesdale also passes through a sim ilar crisis. He does not suffer publicly as a criminal, but his raw conscience chafes him into constant self-torment through self-laceration and mortification. Conclusion From numerous points of view Dimmesdale endures the most in all angles. His brain is always considering his transgression and its outcomes and it appears that he is never free from the mental impacts of his wrongdoing. He contemplates it relentlessly and even joins his sentiments into his sermons so others can impart (yet unwittingly) in his transgression and inward torment. Like Hester, he is continually battling with his considerations. While it is clear that he is experiencing the impacts of his concealed sin in his psyche, his body additionally starts to hold up under the load also. Aside from the way that he excessively bears a letter of his own toward the end, physically, his body starts to demonstrate the impacts of sin as he develops weaker. His structure developed more anorexic; his voice, however still rich and sweet, had a certain despairing prediction of rot in it; he was frequently seen, on any sight alert or sudden mischance, to put his hand over his heart, with first a flush and afterward a whiteness, characteristic of ache. While this is a physical appearance of his blame and inward turmoil, the way that he develops ever more slender is huge in light of the fact that it is typical of his spirit being tormented also. His spirit is constantly emptied and he thinks of it as degenerate in light of his transgression. Thus he is similar to an empty man; both inside and as far as how he looks. Dissimilar to Hester and Chillingworth, he feels that the greatest issue identified with his wrong doing is the impact on his interminable soul. The way that Dimmesdale passes on toward the end of the story makes it clear that he was enduring significantly more than either Hester or Roger Chillingworth. While Roger bites the dust as well, it is more in light of annihilation instead of the sharp internal torment the clergyman feels. He was being expended, as a main priority, body, and soul by the impacts of sin since he was not able to be similar to Hester and Rog er and acknowledge his wrongdoing for what it was, in spite of the torment it may in some cases cause. Hester and Dimmesdale are disconnected as a result of the first sin, Chillingworth by the yearning for retribution in his heart, and Pearl in light of the fact that her elfin-like nature and her steady antagonism at the town kids who fake at and deride her mother. Every one of them is a social outsider, living in an universe of his or her with the barest correspondence with the outside world. However this detachment is not without its specialist preferences For Hesters situation, her Isolation is her emblem of disgrace. The Scarlet letter removes her from others. In any case it helps her ethical and mental development. She transcends her division from society by great deeds and the camaraderie of hopeless individuals. For Dimmesdales situation, his affectability to his transgression makes him aware of his unworthiness to lead his clock. It prompts private enduring and torment. He feels suffocated in this natures domain, yet is so frail it is not possible attempt to receive in return. Passing is his just deliverance. Chillingworths separation is basically the seclusion of an individual who has been wronged by his wife and his quest for retribution. He has damaged the holiness of the human heart both on account of Hester and Dimmesdale. This prompts his profound seclusion and passing. Individuals see the Devil incarnate in the hunchbacked doctor. Pearl is a free soul, excessively whimsical to be secured to anything. This is her separation. She is a friendless youngster who plays with soulless items or with creatures, streams and blooms a casualty of the transgression of her guardians and, the severity of the Puritan culture. Inevitably she symbolizes just beam of trust and leaves the settlement for greener pastures where she settles down. None of the fundamental characters in The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne have the capacity be totally free from the impacts of sin. While they each one arrangement with the outcomes of sin in diverse courses, none of them ever still appear ready to completely accommodate themselves with their transgression. Hester does in the end proceed onward and Pearl turns into a win yet there is still a shadow over her. Her life would have been totally diverse in the event if she had not decided to stay in a town that had denounced her generally as Chillingworth and Roger may not have passed on if they could have made peace with their transgression and existed in an unexpected way. The issue of sin is at the heart of this novel and through these three principle characters it is conceivable to see what the impacts of sin can be and what the result of living with it may be.

Thursday, September 19, 2019

Cohabitation, Marriage, and Divorce Essay -- Sociology

1.0 Introduction Cohabitation is and has been a norm in almost all societies in the world. It has been perceived as the stepping stone to marriage by the modern generation. In Whitman, (2003), cohabitation has grown so widely that there is one cohabiting couple out of 7 marriages in 2010 as compared to 1 out of 90 marriages in 1960. According to her, the attitude towards the whole of marriage institution has changed drastically over time. In the same article, currently in the US, of 3 single women, 1 chooses to live with their partners before marriage as compared to the 1950’s where only 1 out of 10 chooses so. Another statistics reveal that, the number of cohabitating partners have increased exponentially from 430,000 in 1960 to 5.4 million couples in 2005 (Fowler, R, 2008). From this shocking statistics, we ought to find out the advantages and disadvantages of cohabiting. Firstly, the meaning of cohabitation and marriage must be clearly defined before more research is done. From the Concise English Dictionary (9th Edition), cohabitation come from the word ‘cohabit’ which is defined as â€Å"live together, [especially] as husband and wife without being married to one another† while marriage is defined as â€Å"the legal union of a man and woman in order to live together and often to have children†. In today’s terms, long-term cohabitation is more known as an alternative to marriage. Couples now prefer cohabitation because of the ‘freedom’ and the ‘guarantee of compatibility’ that it allegedly offers. However, the issue about cohabitation that is questioned is the stability of the relationship. We know that cohabitation is recognized by any country in the world as a legal union of a man and woman. The question arises, ‘Will cohabitat... ...ation’, Family Matters, pp. 24-27, viewed 26th January 2012, Popenoe D., Whitehead B.D. (1999), ‘Should we live together? What young adults need to know about cohabitation before marriage.’ THE NATIONAL MARRIAGE PROJECT : The Next Generation Series, New Jersey, viewed 14 January, 2012, The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Current English, (1995), 9th ed, Oxford University Press Inc., New York. Whitehead, B.D. and Popenoe, D. (2000), ‘Sex without strings, relationships without rings’, The State of Our Unions, The Social Health of Marriage in America, The National Marriage Project, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, p. 13, New Jersey. Whitman, S. (2003), ‘Shacking up: The smart girl's guide to living in sin without getting burned’, Broadway, Washington.

Wednesday, September 18, 2019

The Tet Offensive :: essays research papers

The Tet Offensive was a series of battles which took place during the Vietnam War. It was a major offensive by the North Vietnamese Army, and the Viet Cong, beginning on the night of January 30-31, of 1968, which was the Chinese New year. The objective of the 1968 Tet Offensive was to take the Nationalist and the US armies by surprise since North Vietnam's government proposed a ceasefire for the celebration of the Lunar New Year. There were three major battles of the offensive, which we discussed in class. The battle of Hue City was one of these major attacks. The city of Hue was attacked by ten NVA battalions and almost completely overrun. Thousands of civilians believed to be potentially hostile to Communist control, including government officials, religious figures, and expatriate residents, were executed in what became known as the Massacre at Hue. The city was not recaptured by the US and ARVN forces until the end of February. The US and ARVN lost 482 men and the NVA around 7,500. The second major battle of the offensive was the battle of Khe Sanh. The fighting began on January 29 as a number of Vietnamese units began their attacks prematurely. The rest of the NLF/NVA attacks began on the night of 30-31st. It was in Huế, the ancient capital, and Saigon that the NVA had significant success. The morale of the ARVN was being badly eroded. The third major battle of the Tet Offensive took place in and around the city of Saigon. Around five battalions of NLF had infiltrated the city. The headquarters of the ARVN was attacked by around 700 men and there was heavy fighting but only 110 American casualties. The Vietnamese casualties in this assault and other actions in Saigon were over 1,100 men but aided in their gained control of large parts of the city. Fighting lasted almost a week and some sections of the city were in ruins due to US airstrikes and artillery.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  General Giap's plan was divided into three phases. In the first phase, the PAVN would launch attacks on the border regions of South Vietnam to draw American forces away from South Vietnamese cities. Giap knew this could be a risky move, but reasoned that it would be worth the cost. Phase two saw widespread attacks by the Viet Cong all over South Vietnam's cities, which would prod the civilians into full fledged revolt against the 'hated' Americans and the South Vietnamese government.

Tuesday, September 17, 2019

american colonies :: essays research papers

Charter to Sir Walter Raleigh : 1584 Everybody remembers Jamestown, Capt. John Smith, Pocahontas and all the rest. But do you remember Roanoke? In 1585, after a small scouting expedition had returned from North America with two Native Americans and many astonishing stories, Sir Walter Raleigh tried to establish a colony called Roanoke in the land which the British named "Virginia", in honor of Elizabeth, the Virgin Queen. The site was actually an island on North America's eastern seaboard protected by the outer banks of what is now North Carolina's coast. Sir Richard Grenville led the fleet that brought them to the New World, the Governor of the colony was Master Ralph Lane and among the colonists was Walter Raleigh's confidant Thomas Harriot, author of "A Briefe and True Report of the New Found Land of Virginia", a chronicle of their adventure. Sir Francis Drake, who was seeking Spanish conquests in the New World, rescued this group just as they were losing control of their situation. Another colony was left at Roanoke in 1587 but by 1590, when a long delayed supply ship finally arrived, they had disappeared without a trace. This was the so-called "Lost Colony". A baby was born in Roanoke at this time. Little Virginia Dare, was the granddaughter of John White, the appointed Governor of the "Lost Colony", and was probably the first English baby born in the New World. Sir Walter Raleigh sent ships to America to search for the colonists but they were unsuccessful. By the time the next English settlers arrived in North America to colonize Jamestown it was nearly twenty years later and, although several attempts were made to find out what happened to them, the fate of the "Lost Colony" was never fully explained. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (1607) Virginia [Homepage , Constitution] ( Roots-L Database , Instructions for the Virginia Colony (1606) , The First Virginia Charter (April 10, 1606) , Statehouse History , Jamestown History , Jamestown Rediscovery Project , History of Jamestown , First English Settlement , The Real Pocahontas , Jamestown,Va. , Jamestowne Society , Colonial Williamsburg Home Page , Virtual Jamestown ) Based on George Weymouth's accounts of voyages to the New England area in 1606, two private companies were formed to seek a patent for colonization on the Atlantic Coast. One of these companies was called the London Company and it was given the southern Virginia territory.

Monday, September 16, 2019

Market Segmentation of Kitkat

Nestle KitKat Cross-platform mobile app The Challenge Nestle is one of the world’s leading FMCG manufacturers. Kit Kat is Nestle’s leading confectionary brand and the UK’s favourite chocolate biscuit bar. Our Strategy Our aim was to create an extension to Kit Kat’s YouTube channel for the smart phone user. The brief was to create an experience which utilises the unique functionality that mobile provides, and Users are asked what mood they are in, and a selection of videos is presented to them.The topics range from a tutorial on how to body pop, or a clip of a Kit Kat advert from the archive. At the end of the video the user is returned to the app to be able to view more inspiring videos and share with friends. Imano were asked to contribute to Kit Kat’s Shake & Break campaign, created by Skive, by delivering an app to run alongside their existing YouTube channel. The commissioned app was for both Android and iPhone platforms. ncourage the campaign t o ‘go social’ through all digital channels. The goal of the Shake & Break app was to allow users to make the most out of their break times, in a fun way with Kit Kat. Our strategy was to create a seamless environment where they could engage with the selection of YouTube video choice to compliment the campaign. The Results Through an agile working approach the tight project deadlines were met and the app is now live in two Android market places and the app Store.As retained Nestle agencies Imano and Skive have successfully worked together to push boundaries and evolve the mobile/social media marketing strategy that the brand will be adopting for the foreseeable future. For further information contact: Imano plc Tel: UK: 020 7632 6930 | www. imano. com | [email  protected] com acrossair Tel: UK: 020 7632 6930 | www. acrossair. com

Lies in Huck Finn Essay

â€Å"That book was written by Mr. Mark Twain, and he told the truth, mainly. There as things which he stretched but mainly he told the truth† (1). These are the first lines and the first lies in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, so from the beginning, the lack of truth is a major theme in the novel. Mark Twain justified the lying in different levels. Some of the lies are vicious and self-serving and these lies were mostly told by the King and Duke while other lies were childish and harmless which was mostly told by Jim. The â€Å"bad† characters in the novel tended to spew out lies on a daily basis. The king and Duke tell lies without pausing and transform lying into an art form. They are automatically dubbed villains for their lies because unlike Huck, they tell their lies for self-gain. They are ruthless men who will do practically anything to get what they want. They make up fraudulent names in order to get special treatment from Huck and Jim and lower them to slaves. The Duke claims he is a descendant of the â€Å"Duke of Bridgewater† (100). When the king hears this, he decides he too would take the same path as the Duke so he can be treated as royalty as well, so he spins his own tale that he is the long lost King of France, â€Å"Dauphin. They lied to escape work and although Jim believes them, Huck just goes along with it so he would not anger them. In addition to this, they also deceive numerous towns with their faux imitation of â€Å"The Royal Nonesuch† for financial gain. Their lies sped past the road of immorality to downright evil when they lied to two girl who recently lost their uncle in order to steal their money and leave the two girls broke and without a house or a family. The king and the Duke lie only for the satisfaction of appeasing their materialistic desires. Although the Duke and King lied for their own greedy satisfaction, Jim lied harmlessly. After Tom and Huck played a prank on him, Jim lies to all the other slaves about how he hat got take from his head and put on a tree branch when he was asleep. He tells them a fabricated story of spirits visiting him and achieves celebrity status among the slaves. He also tells them about his hairball which can supposedly tell the future, although only he can tell what it is saying and the customer must pay Jim first for it to work. Even though his lies are self-serving, unlike the Duke and King’s, they harm no one. Mark Twain painted the art of lying in two different lights in this novel. In one light, it is evil and self-serving and whoever uses it is considered a vile villain, while in the other light, it is deceitful and sly and whoever uses it is considered a child who does not know wrong or right. He proves that there is no black and white: lying is bad or good. Lying can be innocent, and lying can be dangerous; it depends who you are and how you decide to use it.

Sunday, September 15, 2019

Mock Trial Closings Essay

The closing argument is the last piece of a mock trial, essentially the last time you get to sell your case to the jury. During the closing argument, you are summarizing and putting together everything the jury has already heard during the trial. You are basically clarifying everything presented in the trial from showing the relevance of a particular witness to showing how everything you’ve presented comes together to prove your case. It is one of the most important parts of mock trial, mainly because the jury listens. It is the last chance to convince the judges of your case, to show you are more skilled than your opponent, and get the perfect 10 you’re hoping for because they are the last words the jury will hear from your team. It can make your case, or break it, thus delivery is very important. Writing the Closing Theme An important part of a great closing is the theme. It will tie your case together in a pretty ribbon that will stay in the juries mind. It will be the same theme from the opening, one that runs through your entire case, and in the closing reminding the jury of your case with the catchy phrase or sentence. Structure 1)Introduction: Begin with a short introduction that catches the jury’s attention. It should remind the judges of the big picture. If it’s a murder trial, talk about how tragic it is that this person’s life was taken away. If it’s a civil trial you can speak about how the person’s rights were violated. Also be sure to introduce your theme during the introduction. 2)Burden of Proof: Explain what your burden is and what your role is in relation to it. Tell the judges exactly how you’ve met the burden or how the opposing counsel has failed to met this burden. In addition, frame the burden of proof in your favor. 3)Law: Tell the judges about each element of the charge. Explain whether or not you have proved or disproved each element, or whether it is enough to prove or disprove any one element. Then make a roadmap. Tell the judge that to prove your burden/undermine your opponents case, you are to prove x, y, and z. 4)Argument: This is the meat of your case. This is where one by one you are going to signpost and tell the judge exactly what you are talking about. Example: â€Å"Now let’s look at X†. X, Y, and Z should not be your three witnesses but parts of the law that you need to prove or disprove. Remind your judges of testimonies/evidence from the trial that adds up to show X. Do this for all points. Its important to remember it should be based around the law. Don’t go witness by witness recounting the evidence. 5)Conclusion: Sums everything up. Restate how you’ve met your burden of proof through x, y, and z. Use your theme once more to tie everything together. Ask for a verdict. Remember to be this strong, convincing and memorable.

Saturday, September 14, 2019

Are Schools Promoting Sex by Teaching It in Schools? Essay

Are Schools Promoting Sex by Teaching it in School? | | | | Teen pregnancy have risen sky high, STD’s are spreading faster than the speed of light, and sexting id done more often as a factor of knowing about sex. Sex is the attraction drawing one individual sexually toward another leading to sexual intercourse. Schools promote teen sex to their students by teaching sex in class. Although, sex is a part of the curriculum and is supposed to be taught to students, it’s being taught at the wrong time in life. Because sex education is being taught at a young, schools are promoting teen sex and negative behaviors. Teen sex is promoted in schools and in classes’ every day because it is a part of the learning curriculum that is supposed to be taught in grade school, but at what age is it appropriate to teach students? Schools are teaching elementary school students about sex in the fourth and fifth grade to be exact( Brown, 2006). One parent says: â€Å"For elementary school students, the school is a happy place to play with friends. Topics like sex and relationships have yet to enter their minds† (Mustaza, 2010). This makes it seem like teachers, more or less, want their students to know about sex, which should not be taught to elementary school students because children’s minds at this point and time frame are not fully developed or mature enough to know about sex. For middle school students, sex being taught only gets their minds wondering. It pops questions in their heads about the things they don’t know about sex and maybe what they want to know. Kids are taught to death about all the bad things that can happen to them if they have sex† ( Bobkowski, 2009). They’ve said: â€Å"We’ve heard about sexually transmitted infections, we know you can get pregnant, but we want to know about the pleasures of sex and healthy relationships† ( George 2009). Teaching sex in schools progresses the mind to wonder about sex. If sex is going to be taught in schools, it should be taught in an informational way that doesn’t leave students with minds to pose questions or sex shouldn’t be taught at all to elementary school students. Some teens live what they learn and others lead by example, but they all have a primary source of why they live to do what they do. Teachers today may be just a couple of years older than many high school students and could be an idol. A young teacher teaching about sex may be more effective to students rather that their fifty-three year old, grey haired teacher teaching them this. The word from the younger teacher is going to be like words from the wise. But are these words the wise, wise enough? Students at the teenage level may need someone to fall back on or depend on and it may be that young teacher. Amirul, 14 years old: â€Å"At first the thought of learning about sex was a bore, but when we had coach Allen (22) I was all ready to learn everyday†( George, 2009). Students are more motivated to learn about sex now that they have a younger person in their life teaching the subject. This only makes the subject easier to the student s to learn, but harder to the teachers to teach them without getting the wires all worked up on students. But , Alan Harris said, the more educated someone is the more likely they are to make responsible and informed choice for their behaviors. Sex education given by teachers at school is the most relabel way to give kids the right information about sex. In schools sex education information is give by professional and has be proven by many reports all over the country and world. The first formal attempts at sex education were introduced by a Dr. Arnold a schoolmaster at a public school. Dr. Arnold used the Bible to make the schoolboys fell guilt and scared of sex and masturbation. The nineteenth-century scare tactics books of Dr. Arnold were nothing like the sex book used by the sex educations teachers of today(Greaves.pg. 171). Some parents don’t approve of their children learning about sex in schools, but some do. For the parents that approve, how are the teachers teaching the students? Some schools, whether it is public or private, teach the students about sexual contact and conduct in separate classes. That’s right, some schools have separate teachings; they have the students’ parents sign a consent saying that they may teach sexual education in school and then separate the males from females and teach them about sex. It sounds like a positive but in actual reality, in the long run it’s a negative according to Gandy: â€Å"Classrooms separated by gender offers different resources, different teaching methods, and other factors that create unequal living environment† (Gandy, Piechura-Couture, N. P). Meaning that, the students that are separated may learn a little bit more or a little bit different that what is on the standard list. Male may learn more about the females and how to arouse then and females may stay close minded to what males have in store or vice versa. Teaching boys and girls at separate times only make them worry and wonder more about sex. Teaching a girl about her body and teaching a boy about his body makes the students ponder about the other gender. What teachers are teaching the students about sex are another negative effect. As well as teaching the students about their body parts and how they work and what they do. Jansen, a local shop owner, holds sex workshops for all teens (Geogre, 2009). In her workshops, Jansen urges teens to ask about anything and everything. From masturbation, gender identity, and same-sex feelings to sex toys (which they keep on hand in case the subject comes up), why people like oral sex, and why should that particular act go both ways and she will answer the question as honest as possible(George, 2009). Holding these workshops are not the best way to break the ice about questions, it only gives them more conformation to keep asking these kinds of questions to eventually figure out what they mean or how they operate and participate in the act of having sex. Teens should approach their parents with questions like these rather than a stranger. Sex should not be taught in school or outside of school either. Six year olds should learn how to spell their names, fourth and fifth graders should prepare to shift from one class to eight, and high school students should focus on getting a job or going to college; real world situations instead of sex. Teaching sex in the curriculum throws off all attention to anything else in life that students should pay more attention.

Friday, September 13, 2019

Legal Aspects of Hospitality Managment Term Paper

Legal Aspects of Hospitality Managment - Term Paper Example The safety regulations require the employees handling food to observe personal hygiene and use clean uniform and other attires when handling food. In addition, all food handlers are required to undergo medical check-up on a regular basis in order to minimize the spread of contagious diseases such as tuberculosis and diarrhea. The restaurant managers are required to maintain clean and safe environment and premises in order to reduce liabilities that business may incur through injuries to visitors while in the premise (Tansey and Rajotte 79). If the restaurant management complies with these safety requirements, clients will get motivated and encouraged to revisit the restaurant in the future. 2. Improved workers efficiency Safety standards require restaurant owners to ensure secure and clean environment of the business. Another requirement is better working environment for employees and the use of recommended food handling facilities (Brown 785). Regarding the safety of the workers, th e law protects employees against discrimination, poor working environment, and unfair dismissal from work, inadequate pay including overtime allowances, leave and other allowances. If the business is able to comply with these requirements it will motivate employees and increase their productivity (Jha and Elgar 51). Also, employees feel motivated because of better pay, appropriate equipment and excellent working atmosphere and they are able to identify with business. 3. Reduction of unhealthy competition When establishing a restaurant the investor must ensure compliance with all legal requirements relating to safety of the customers, workers and the environment (Vogel 116). The law requires the restaurants to ensure the food is... This paper approves that food safety rules describe the hygiene conditions for handling food and the environment surrounding the food business. The process involved when interacting with food safety rules is usually cumbersome and cost intensive. The process of registering business is generally tedious and time consuming. Some businesses are unable to meet the safety regulations requirements hence they opt out of business. This closure of business results to significant loss of business revenue during the closure period. This essay makes a conclusion that the future of the restaurant business lies on the level of compliance of the business with safety regulations relating to customer, employees and the environmental protection. The safety standards have stringent requirements for the establishment and management of the restaurants. Adherence to these safety measures will promote business growth by increasing customer satisfaction and loyalty. Also, this will increase the efficiency of business through the use of recommended food handling equipments, protection of environment against improper waste disposal and will result to motivation of employees as a result of better terms of work. However, many potential investors may not comply with these standards hence reducing the potential for investment. In addition, the high cost of business compliance with safety regulations will reduce business revenue hence decrease employment opportunities.

Thursday, September 12, 2019

The Supply Chain Management of Dell, Toyotas Operations Management Research Paper

The Supply Chain Management of Dell, Toyotas Operations Management - Research Paper Example According to the paper operations management refers to the activity of managing the resources and the coordination of the entire process through which organizations produce goods and services; effective operations management, like SCM, is an integral part of the organization especially because it is a source of competitive advantages. In this regard, every organization has an operations function which is held by an operations manager because each one of them is involved either in the production of goods or services. This paper will examine the supply chain management of Dell, Toyota’s Operations Management, as well as, the competitive advantages gained through strategic SCM and OM by the two companies respectively; it will also highlight the differences between lean and agile SCM. Supply Chain Management (SCM) Supply Chain, the structured network of organizations involved in the conversion of raw materials into finished products and delivery of the same to end users or custome rs, and Supply Chain Management, the optimization of activities across the whole system, are inevitably the most fundamental aspects of doing business in today’s corporate world. As the study outlines the success and survival of every organization in the complex, highly competitive, and fast changing global market environment is dependent, not on the effectiveness of the individual organization’s supply chain strategies, but on the effectiveness of the entire network of players or the supply chain. Superficially, overall supply chains start with the raw materials or factors of production and combine several value-adding activities, then end with the delivery of finished products or goods to the end users; however, the extended view of Supply Chains integrate additional activities in the function, to the satisfaction of customers. Customer satisfaction, for that matter, becomes a crucial yardstick for measuring the effectiveness of the supply chains, and the management of the linking processes; market uncertainties call for supply chains that are flexible and adaptable to changes, thus the need for effective supply chain management to achieve such flexi bility. Overall effectiveness of the Supply Chain Management results to cost savings and enhanced customer service, while improving an organization’s competitiveness even in the wake of increasing competition and increasing consumer demands in the global corporate markets.

Wednesday, September 11, 2019

Opera market Political analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Opera market Political analysis - Assignment Example Every organization carrying out any income generating activity has the obligation to pay taxes depending the existing rates and the amount of income (Christensen 1). For the company to maintain good political relations with the Internal Revenue Service (IRS), it must pay tax promptly as applicable and fill tax return. Second, the company faces the task to adhere to the rules governing the intellectual property laws. Business ideas, logos, names or inventions need protection by the above law. Therefore, any emerging business such as the Opera House must adhere to such rules to avoid future squabbles with anyone who may intend to steal their business ideas. Applying for a patent through the US patents and trademark office may be a bold step to take towards registration of the opera services (Kendall 441). Opera being a movie production business issue like copyrights records have to be set straight. Third, the company will have to check with Environmental Protection Agency on which environmental rules and regulations apply to their and comply with them. Opera being an operator in the entertainment industry means some noise pollution regulations may apply to it (Tajtakova 365). There are also state environmental laws to meet with for example state of New Jersey has its particular environmental laws Finally, the workplace safety and health law is also a significant regulation the company will have to comply. Workers’ safety and health are critical. Therefore, the company have to comply with the Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA). The company must identify the possible hazards to the employees and takes measures to minimize such

Tuesday, September 10, 2019

Leadership and Business Improvement Research Paper

Leadership and Business Improvement - Research Paper Example Leaders form an environment where people feel free to voice dissent. Leaders do this through actions. A leader does not fire people as they goofed, and in fact support dissent. Leaders have to reward people for differing, to reward modernism, and to ensure failure. Leaders link all these with forming a trusting atmosphere but most of the trust comes not from a fastidious technique, but from the character of the leader. To create trust, Leader needs to have following things.First, the leader has to have the capability. The employees have to trust his or her ability to do the job. Secondly, people are anxious with congruity that a leader is a person of reliability. If you are an effective leader, what you say is compatible with what you do, and that is similar to what you feel, and that sequentially is similar to your vision. Third, people desire a feeling that the leader is on their side that he or she will be stable. They want to distinguish that in the heat of battle; their leader w ill support them, protect them and endure with what they require to win. Lastly, leaders, they trust need to care about the lives of the people with whom they are working, need to understand with them. Leaders also show care concerning the illusions of his or her actions and the consequences of decisions. Capability, congruity, and loyalty, and being thoughtful is the quality a leader that must symbolize in order for trust to be formed in a group. It gets a long time to generate and maintain. It takes recurring interactions. Leaders are primarily the results leaning individuals in the world, and results get consideration. Their visions or objectives are persuasive and drag people toward them. Intensity coupled with obligation is alluring. These strong personalities do not have to force people to focus on; they are so intent on what they are doing that, like a child totally fascinated with creating a sand castle in a sandbox, they depict others in. All leaders can form a persuasive vision, one that takes people to a new place, and then interprets that vision into truth. Peter Drucker said that the first mission of a leader is to describe the vision. Max DePree , CEO of Herman Miller, wrote in Leadership Is an Art, "The first responsibility of a leader is to describe reality. The last is to say thank you. In between, the leader is a servant." (Warren G. Bennis, Joan Goldsmith, 1997) Primarily Vision grabs the leader, and the capability to communicate it eventually eases

Monday, September 9, 2019

Issue in Contemporary Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Issue in Contemporary Management - Essay Example It is difficult for a small organization to effectively manage, control and coordinate between different diverse organizations. Moreover, statutory power given to LOCOG regarding ownership, compensation, and regulation is temporary. In other words, LOCOG has to give up all the infrastructure facilities developed for the London Olympics after the Olympics which will definitely reduce their revenues after the London Olympics. Infrastructure development opportunities are immense as part of conducting London Olympics. Development of infrastructure to world-class level will change the face of London city. LOCOG will receive a share from international Olympics committee’s broadcasting revenue and also from their own marketing efforts. This revenue can be utilized for the economic development and regeneration. Increased employment opportunity is another advantage of conducting Olympics in London. The public will also get an opportunity to know more about different culture which will help to grow the English culture. It is impossible to conduct Olympics without causing some inconvenience to the public. Some of the local businesses needed to be displaced to develop infrastructure for the London Olympics. This displaced business groups may engage in legal battle with LOCOG. Infrastructure development to world class standards is a major challenge. Ensuring value for money and economic benefits to the cost bearing public is another threat to the LOCOG. The public is lavishly extending their support to the Olympics considering a huge return in terms of economic development and infrastructure development. Failure to fulfil the expectations of the public may create problems for LOCOG in future. Stage management and coordination of events are also not an easy task for LOCOG considering its small structure. Propaganda spreading through media is another threat for this event. Many people are spreading the

Sunday, September 8, 2019

Career Action Plan PartB Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Career Action Plan PartB - Assignment Example A marketability analysis is also included in this particular study for outlining my marketable skills. These identified skills would be compared with wide array of attributes in context of professional industry. There are appropriate analytical techniques incorporated to judge current position of an individual and what others skills are essential so as to secure a strong position in career path. In this study two kinds of attributes are majorly highlighted, one that is already being possessed and other is what is needed to be improved. Ideal situation will be well analyzed by implementing an effective tool known as SWOT analysis. This form of analysis shall encompass both current and ideal situation which is required for designing the best career action plan. Apart from identifying internal strengths and weaknesses and outlining external threats and opportunities, focus will also be on goal setting. In the entire process two forms of goals will be determined like long term and short term goals. At the end of this study, some steps would be discussed for achieving success in career path. Career goals can be explored only when desirable qualities are present within an individual. Career Action Plan is an important tool by which an individual is able to set and develop the steps for fulfilling its goal and objectives in his professional life. He is only responsible to build his own career. But there are certain things involves in career development which requires professional guidance for making decisions and planning of career more effective. It will help the individual to achieve its career goals in an efficient way. A person should start to build his career actions plans from a very early stage. This will help him to develop his employable skills. Various options arise while forming career actions plan. An individual explores each and every option very

Saturday, September 7, 2019

The role of Law Enforcement in the community Assignment

The role of Law Enforcement in the community - Assignment Example 2. The purpose of this paper will be to analyze the role of law enforcement in the community, their effectiveness of the roles over time and the changes one can make when serving a local law enforcement organization. The role of law enforcement in the community is to maintain order and to prevent violation of people’s right (Zachary, 1999). Police is the body that deals directly with the law enforcement; they chase down criminals breaking the law risking their lives for the better of the community. Police react to any reported suspicious or criminal activities. They also prevent domestic violence from happening and this helps to improve the society by making people live in peace. The introduction of emergency numbers like 911 helps to minimize the rate of crimes in the society. Law enforcement agencies have improved the way of living among people in the society by responding first, preventing crimes, and controlling traffic jams. Law enforcement was introduced in many communit ies due to the gap between the poor and the rich. The rich wanted personal protection, property protection and life protection from the increasing population of people it led to the introduction and creation of law enforcement agencies. Justice is offered by law courts by giving the punishment either by fines or imprisonment (Zachary, 1999). 3. Law enforcement in a community gives immune and safe feeling to the people in the society because of the set laws that are not regularly changed. Law enforcement has changed and improved greatly over time due to the improvement and advancement of technology. Invention of computers, cars, and the CCTV cameras has led to effective enforcement of law, police and other agencies can be able to enforce the law over a wide coverage by use of satellites and other technological equipments (Hess, & cho, 2008). Fraud has also been reduced

Friday, September 6, 2019

Nitrophenol Essay Example for Free

Nitrophenol Essay Abstract: Using a micro scale steam distillation we separated ortho and para-nitrophenol from a mixture that was already made. After the para and ortho were separated we measured their melting points and compared it to the literature values for purity. For ortho-nitrophenol we had 60% recovery and for para 160% recovery. Our melting point ranges were ortho: 45-46Â °C and para 64-95Â °C. Introduction:Â  Nitration: In phenols, -OH group strongly activates the ring system. As a result, phenols are susceptible to oxidation in the presence of concentrated nitric acid (HNO3). Thus, nitration of phenols is carried out with dilute nitric acid and results in the formation of o-nitrophenol and p-nitrophenol. The o-nitrophenol is steam volatile and the mixture of o-nitrophenol and p-nitrophenol is separated by steam distillation, in our case using micro scale measurements for safety and time consumption purposes. (Electrophilic aromatic substitution) We used steam distillation because we are distilling under 100Â °C; above 100Â °C is H2O. Looking at the volatility of o-nitrophenol compared to p-nitrophenol, the p-nitrophenol has intermolecular hydrogen bonding and it occurs due to a large number of molecules are associated together. This association in the p-isomer makes it less volatile. However in o-nitrophenol, intramolecular hydrogen bonding occurs and thus, it exists in a monomolecular state making it more volatile. Results/Discussion: Using a sand bath for transferring of heat through the distillation which was sitting on a hot plate. Using a small round bottom flask which was attached to Hickman’s distillation head and then we attached water through the openings. Using 1.00g of the prepared mixture we placed it in the round bottom flask along with 1.00mL of ethanol and then filled it about 2/3 with water. We added a magnetic spin-vane to the flask as well. We collected the yellow waxy ortho-isomer from groove in Hickman’s distillation head using a Pasteur pipette. We made sure that the solids did not accumulate as this would clog the condenser. If it did we would just turn off the cold water momentarily and the hot vapor would melt the solid. The distillation took about 45 minutes and even though this was the specified time period for distilling the mixture, we felt as though much of the ortho-isomer was left in the small round bottom flask along with the para-isomer and the spin valve. In order to characterize the 2- and 4-nitrophenols, we need to determine their melting points. We compared our results to those in the literature. Data:Â  *some ortho solidified in the Pasteur pipette so there might arise a percent error from this as some ortho was left in there. *we assumed that the starting mixture was about 50% each of o- and p-nitrophenol.

Critical thinking Essay Example for Free

Critical thinking Essay Author suggests that all students must learn to respect others and tolerate the differences between them. One important thing she stressed is that all students must cooperate with each other in various tasks instead of being competitive. Keeping positive and cooperative attitude can resolve several problems. There are many benefits when learning in cooperation with each other. Group learning can have many advantages. Students can help each other in various tasks and they can learn from each other. Her school is full of fun, extracurricular activities, learning classes and other training activities. Students take part in different extra curricular activities. The school has different sports clubs, broadcasting clubs, speech clubs, contests, and other clubs of different cultural background. Teachers and all students participate in different sports like volleyball, basketball, tennis, hockey, soccer, baseball. It is not only the place where students are trained, but many other programs are also used to well-balance their creative activities. In addition, school also includes many tripping activities to different countries. In addition, she suggests that on weekly basis different scholarly lectures must be conducted by various scholars in order to expand the knowledge of students. Big libraries are there and each student is encouraged to participate in reading stuff. Regular reading and writing is an important part of student’s learning process. These practices can sharpen their creativity and critical thinking. The aim of the school is to impart knowledge at equal level. The educational objective is to make students practical in their lives, who can help out their nation and work to be a useful candidate. Educational policies are designed very carefully to provide students with standard education and training. Each student after studying from here must understand and develop their own individuality and strengthen their aesthetic believes. Environment is open and firm relationship can be developed between classmates and teachers. Every week tests are conducted to evaluate performance of each student. Many other test taking skills programs are used to improve performance of students. In addition, other behavioral tests are done to improve student’s personality. All lessons and tests are highly competent and prepare the student for future studies. Training and teaching in 3rd grade also prepares them for senior high school. Students have the facility to exercise and participate in the daily activities either in the morning or after school. Students are also encouraged to fully take part in social life to become a useful individual. Every student is advised for good health practice and hygiene to lead a healthy life. Other activities in school education must include fine arts, painting, tea party, flower arrangement, broadcasting etc. There are many other group activities to encourage students for friendly attitude, social behavior and group working. By performing various creative works they know how to work independently and responsible for various jobs. Every month there is meeting with parents to let them know their children’s performance at school. The environment of the school is very beautiful and attractive. All facilities are comfortable and fully air conditioned. The overall environment for learning is very good. Every classroom is very spacious with wide windows through which air and light can pass easily. Every student enjoys the learning environment and school life. Positive attitude among students can greatly improve learning environment. Her advice to students is exclusive and practical.

Thursday, September 5, 2019

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Tourism Essay

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Tourism Essay Introduction According to the World Tourism Organization tourists are the people who travel to and stay in places outside their usual environment for not more than one successive year for leisure, business and other purposes not interrelated to the exercise of an activity rewarded from within the place visited. Tourism is mainly popular as a global freedom activity. Tourism is a critical source of income for many countries and it generates income through the consumption of goods and services by tourists, the taxes levied on businesses in the tourism industry, and the opportunity for employment in the service industries associated with tourism. Some of the services offered by these industries include transportation services such as cruise ships and taxis, accommodation services such as hotels, restaurants, bars, and entertainment venues, and other hospitality industry services such as spas and resorts. The tourism requires having some of disposable income, time off from work and other responsibilities, proper transportation and accommodation facilities and legal clearance for travelling. More than all, sufficient health condition during the course of travel is required. There are some countries which have legal limitations on travelling abroad. Any projections of growth in tourism serve as an suggestion of the relative influence that each country will exercise in the future. Content Essay Question: Report for critically analysing a location or sector of the tourist industry, and the key issues affecting that sector or location and suggest a change strategy to address the issues 1. What is meant by Tourism Industry? Tourism has been identified as one of the worlds largest industries and is more and more developing world wide. Further it is moving for primarily recreational or leisure purposes or the provision of services to support this leisure travel. Business and other purposes not related to the exercise of an activity compensated from within the place visited. Tourism has become a popular global leisure activity. In 2004, there were over 763 million international tourist arrivals in UK. Tourism is very important for many countries, due to the income generated by the utilization of goods and services by tourists, the taxes levied on businesses in the tourism industry, and the opportunity for employment in the service industries associated with tourism. These service industries are included transportation services such as cruise ships and taxis, accommodation such as hotels, restaurants, bars, and entertainment venues, and other hospitality industry services such as spas and resorts. (Harrison, 2001) 1.1 Definition for Tourism The World Tourism Organization defines tourists as people who travel to and stay in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure One of the earliest definitions of tourism was provided by the Austrian economist in 1910, who defined it as, bob total of operators, mainly of an economic nature, which directly relate to the entry, stay and movement of foreigners inside and outside a certain country, city or a region. (Swarbrooke, 2001) Hunziker and Krapf, in 1941 state that tourism as the sum of the phenomena and relationships arising from the travel and stay of non-residents, insofar as they do not lead to permanent residence and are not connected with any earning activity. 1.2 Advantages and Disadvantages of Tourism Tourism is the act of travel for the purpose of not only recreation, but also the provision of services for this act. It might occupy local services such as entertainment, accommodation and catering for tourists. It may seem, that tourism brings only benefits, but further consideration shows that it also has disadvantages. Generally, many countries depend greatly upon travel expenditures by foreigners as a source of taxation and as a source of income for the enterprises. Therefore, the development of tourism is often a strategy to promote a particular region for the purpose of increasing commerce through exporting goods and services. Secondly, it provides direct employment for the people associated with occupations in bars and hotels. Thanks to it, the average standard of living of people increases well and at the same time unemployment is on the decrease. However, tourists cause environmental damage through forest fires, destruction of sand dunes and pollution. Consequently this serves negatively as increased pollution disturbs local residents and also it may discourage tourists from further entering the country. After this, tourism undermines culture by commercializing it and this is often connected with increasing litter, graffiti, vandalism and noise tourists do not always respect traditional cultures, which is sad but true. In general, tourism is an extremely profitable process in loads of countries, especially those in which the process of development continue to depend on this industry because this industry does not require a lot of literacy and also it yields maximum profits with less investment. (Harrison, 2001) 1.3 Different sectors of Tourism The tourism industry has been composed of eight different sectors or areas. Those are mentioned below, Accommodation Adventure Tourism and Recreation Attractions Events and Conferences Food and Beverage Tourism Services Transportation Travel Trade Out of these sector I have selected Attraction sector of tourism for the identify the key issues affecting that sector and suggest a change strategy to address the issues 1.4 Attraction of tourism sector Considering the one of the country, attractions include historic sites, heritage homes, museums, halls of fame, art galleries, botanical gardens, aquariums, zoos, water parks, amusement parks, casinos and cultural attractions. Many attractions are educational in nature, others are only for entertainment. As an example,Canada has a wealth of cultural and heritage attractions: the Parliament Buildings and National Gallery in Ottawa, the Fortress of Louisbourg in Cape Breton, and Lower Fort Garry National Historic Site in Manitoba. There are heritage communities like Vancouvers Gastown, natural resource attractions like the hot springs in Banff and Jasper National Parks, and the northern lights in the Northwest Territories. In addition, there are large delight parks like Canadas Wonderland in Ontario, museums such as the Maritime .To maintain this important part of Canadas tourism industry, the Canadian Tourism Commission has developed . The sub-committees mandate is to plan, direct, ma nge and put into action by programs to improve and develop cultural heritage tourism in Canada. The sub-committee is made up of culture, heritage and tourism industry representatives from across Canada acting to ensure that cultural heritage tourism will become a vivacious and advantageous part of the Canadian Tourism industry. But every province and territory in Canada has major and minor attractions that attract visitors and generate tourism income Because of the Canadian climate, many outside attractions and seasonal. Indoor attractions operate year round, and some, like West Edmonton Mall, combine activities, such as shopping with an pleasure park, an ice rink and a water park. All attractions may be large or small and need people to sell food and souvenirs, market the attraction, maintain the facility and manage the operation. The attractions sector important for a wide range of employment opportunities, ranging from seasonal part time to permanent full time positions. Further there is also variety in the types of jobs available. As an example, Casinos are rapidly growing area of the attractions sector, adding many new positions, such as pit bosses and dealers, to the labour pool. According to the statistics of tourist sector, It is estimated that in 1997, 120,000 people were employed in the attractions sector and service is expected to reach 152,000 by 2005. In the UK attractions are at the heart of the tourism industry. Visit attractions are typically the main motivator for both domestic visitors and international tourists. They are organized trips for visit the various places for their entertainment and keep mind rest. Normally, there are four main types of attractions are identified and it is illustrated below. Source: Article of Key Issues in Visitor Attraction Management in a Competitive Market, 2001 2.0 Key issues for attraction sector There are also some issues can be identified as arise of issues from attraction sector. which are specific to particular sectors of the attractions business, some of which are identified below: 2.1 Heritage attractions making use of the latest technologies for explanation but ensuring that the medium does not become more important than the message incorporating recent history and the varying nature of society in the UK, such as the growth of ethnic communities, linking the community whose story is being told by the heritage attraction and Deciding what stories should be told and how they should be told. When a communitys heritage is the tool of what it offers visitors, protecting that heritage is essential. Therefore the major challenge in cultural heritage tourism programs is ensuring that increased tourism does not destroy the very qualities that attract visitors in the first place. (Swarbrooke, 2001) Further some problems related to. Heritage attractions.These problems are travellers increasing in numbers and adding stress and strain to infrastructure and heritage sites are, as Safer says, only beginning, and the travel industry is already addressing them. But a challenge results not only from visitor impact, but also from visitor opportunity of quality products and services. Tourism is essentially in the service industry, which means it depends on the capability of people in many different jobs and locations. In addition to tourism is an attractive form of economic development 2.2. How to improve Heritage attractions Cultural endowments such as traditional design, unique street-scapes, and historic sites are increasingly recognized as important economic resources in both developed and developing countries. Cities are regularly an important focal point for development based on these resources because they provide concentrations of heritage assets, infrastructure services, private sector activity, and human resources. Improving the preservation and management of urban heritage is not only important for preserving its historic significance but also for its impending to increase income-earning opportunities, city livability, and competitiveness. (Harrison, 2001) The World Bank-financed projects have identified that heritage conservation has increased city liveability by preserving streets and neighbourhoods built at a human scale, public areas that support positive community relations, and green spaces that offer recreational activities. By preserving their heritage, cities can be produce a unique sense of place and singular urban landscapes, developing strong branding and conditions to attract investors. This is principally true for investors in tourism and which is one of the major industries in the world today and has a pathway record of creating significant levels of employment for unskilled and semi-skilled workers. In addition to improving a citys self-image and identity through identification of heritage resources has been shown to increase public satisfaction and energize communities to actively address a wide range of development and livelihood issues. (Kotler 1998) Further the conservation of cultural heritage supports urban recovery by preserving city liveability, increasing competitiveness, and creating a wide range of income-earning opportunities.The Cultural Heritage and Sustainable Tourism Thematic Group (CHST) was established in 2004 as a network of practitioners to mainstream support for heritage conservation into infrastructure, private sector, and social development projects. The thematic group reflects the multi-disciplinary characteristics of the CHST family, prominence by the wealth of information and experience available among more than one hundred Bank professionals. In the urban sector, it is clear that infrastructure projects can supply an entry point for useful interventions in heritage conservation and development. on the other hand, many task team leaders find that discussions of lending that recognize the value of local heritage provide a positive starting point for dialogue on downstream lending operations addressing broade r-based infrastructure investment needs. This note focuses on the rationale for World Bank-financed infrastructure projects that include or focus on conservation of cultural heritage belongings either for their own value or as a element of infrastructure and economic development strategies. 2.3 Theme and amusement parks There is growing pressure for better protection at theme and amusement parks in the light of highly-publicised accidents in recent years, here is a need to incorporate the latest rides, even though this is very expensive and is making it difficult for smaller theme and amusement parks to compete, parks have to ensure that children can learn something from their visit to the park, and this will help in attracting families and school groups. 2.4. How improve facility of amusement parks The safety of visitors who enjoy the parks facilities and services is of dominant concern. Further safety is a collective responsibility. Visitors must take safety measures that reflect the risk involved in their chosen activity. This involves knowledge of natural hazards, proper equipment and provisions, adequate skill and fitness, and the ability to cope with emergencies. Park management will focus on safety information, facility design, and staff training. ark staff continue to work with the local and regional tourism industry, keeping up-to-date on trends and offering reliable experiences based on the parks key ecological and cultural values. (Kotler 1998) 2.5 Wildlife attraction wildlife attraction managers are having to come to terms with growing public concern over animals being kept in captivity for the entertainment, or even the education, of visitors, the opportunity to use Virtual Reality technologies to educate visitors about wildlife. 2.6 How improve Wildlife attractions for tourism Planning for Action Biodiversity Action Plan apply for conservation priorities, and it support how to manage and monitor activities of biodiversity including wildlife. Reviewing your purchasing strategy Every business consumes products and services supplied by other businesses. By managing what you buy, how you use products and how you dispose of waste you can improve your own, and other companies biodiversity performance. Managing your environmental impacts Reviewing and managing your overall environmental performance also benefits biodiversity and can help reduce costs. For example, the energy used to heat and light accommodation will come from the power creation industry. Conserving energy reduces CO2 emissions, Increased rates of climate change adversely impacts on species, habitats and ecosystems. Recycling and waste reduction reduces the amount of landfill and potentially increases the amount of space, which can be left for natural habitat conservation. Raising Awareness among people Providing for services or goods by tourism providers that contribute positively to biodiversity conservation can bring visitors closer to wildlife. You can widen the potential for low impact tourism, and help people to make relate between their own environment, lives and communities. Most of the peoples interests in wildlife watching and conservation arise as a direct result of the experience they receive from recreational activities. (Kotler 1998) Working with others Many smaller tourism businesses connecting up with forums like Tourism and Environment Forum or local sustainable business forums can be a good mode to awareness creation. Such networks are also important sources of current information about new opportunities, grants, trends and regulations. 3.0 How attraction sector of Tourist industry improve in UK The attractions sector is very important to the achievement of success I in UK tourist industry. In there managers face wide range of challenges, opportunities and threats, that will determine the future success of the sector. Whether they end up being opportunities or threats may well depend on how managers react to them. For example, for attractions which successfully hold new technologies such as Virtual Reality and the Internet these technologies is an opportunity to achieve aggressive advantage. The UK attractions sector is obviously diverse which accounts for its noticeable fragmentation. There is a need for the sector to become more organized and speak with one voice, so it can have greater influence on the government policy-making process and resulting legislation affecting the industry. At the same time, the developments in the attractions sector abroad are providing competitive challenges for the UK attractions sector. currently new attractions have been opened in countries as diverse as France and the USA, Spain and Japan, Australia and China. UK attraction managers can learn a lot from successful foreign practices: from design and marketing, to catering and providing for disabled visitors. Within the UK, the government wishes to take action to create a more level playing field for attraction operators. Subsidies to major national museums and huge National Lottery grants for new projects are probably unfair competition for most small attractions. It appears that it is the small attractions that will find the future particularly difficult, as they lack the resources to participate directly with the larger players. The same situation exists in other sectors of tourism, such as hotels and tour operators, and definitely in industry in general. The way ahead for small attractions, as with hotels and tour operators, is the need for interest, differentiation, the use of the Internet for marketing, and an emphasis on personal service. (Swarbrooke, 2001)